Functional Class System ​

The functional classification system groups roadways together into a roadway network based on the travel service they provide.  Functional classification carries with it expectations for roadway design, speed limits, capacity and relationship to existing and future land use development.

Roadways can be assigned to one of the seven functional classifications based on their characteristics and travel purpose.  The seven classifications are grouped together across three broad categories: Arterials, Collectors and Local roads. Arterials are roads that provide high mobility for long distance travel.  Collector roads distribute traffic from local roads onto arterials.  Local roads primarily serve residential neighborhoods with short travel distances and high levels of access to land.  All roadway categories exist within urban and rural areas.  

Requesting Changes 

Decennial Process

Every 10 years, following the decennial census, the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) directs the Maryland Department of Transportation State Highway Administration (SHA) to review Maryland’s Functional Class System. SHA coordinates with local planning partners, Metropolitan Planning Organizations (MPOs) and the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) to review potential updates of the functional class system.  This process is anticipated to be completed in December 2026.   

Interim Adjustment Process 

Changes to the functional class of a road can also occur anytime outside of the decennial process.  FHWA encourages State departments of transportation to maintain their functional class system and provide updates when necessary.  SHA oversees the interim adjustment process and coordinate efforts with local planning partners, MPOs and FHWA.

Maryland Functional Classification GIS Map 

FHWA Highway Functional Classification Concepts, Criteria and Procedures 2023 Edition

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